فهرست مطالب
Preface\nContents\nPart I: Basics of 3D Ultrasound\n 1 Basics of 3D and 4D Volume Acquisition\n 1.1 Introduction\n 1.2 Preparing the volume acquisition\n 1.3 Types of volume acquisition\n 1.4 Conclusions\n 2 Orientation and Navigation within a Volume\n 2.1 Introduction\n 2.2 Storing and exporting volume data sets\n 2.3 Orientation in the three orthogonal planes\n 2.4 Navigation within the orthogonal planes\n 2.5 Artifacts in the multiplanar mode\n 2.6 Conclusions\nPart II: Methods of 3D Rendering\n 3 3D Rendering of a Volume\n 3.1 Introduction\n 3.2 The render box and the orientation within a 3D volume\n 3.3 Artifacts in 3D rendering\n 3.4 Different rendering modes and the mixing of modes\n 3.5 Special effects in 3D: dynamic depth 3D rendering and light source\n 3.6 Threshold, transparency, brightness and color scales\n 3.7 Magicut, the electronic scalpel\n 3.8 Multiple light sources and „HD-live studio“\n 3.9 Conclusions\n 4 Volume Contrast Imaging (VCI)\n 4.1 Introduction\n 4.2 Principle of VCI\n 4.3 Static VCI\n 4.4 4D with VCI-Omniview\n 4.5 4D with VCI-A\n 4.6 Conclusions\n 5 Multiplanar Display I – Orthogonal Mode and Omniview Planes\n 5.1 Principle\n 5.2 Multiplanar reconstruction and different ways of displaying cross-sectional images\n 5.3 Practical approach in orthogonal mode\n 5.4 Practical approach in getting an „anyplane“ using Omniview tool\n 5.5 Typical applications of Omniview planes\n 5.6 Conclusions\n 6 Multiplanar Display II: Tomographic Mode\n 6.1 Principle\n 6.2 Practical approach\n 6.3 Typical applications in tomographic mode\n 6.4 Conclusions\n 7 Surface Mode Rendering and HD-Live\n 7.1 Principle\n 7.2 Practical approach\n 7.3 Typical applications of surface mode\n 7.4 Conclusions\n 8 Maximum Mode Rendering\n 8.1 Principle\n 8.2 Practical approach\n 8.3 Typical applications of maximum mode\n 8.4 Conclusions\n 9 The Minimum Mode\n 9.1 Principle\n 9.2 Practical approach\n 9.3 Typical applications of minimum mode\n 9.4 Conclusions\n 10 The Inversion Mode\n 10.1 Introduction\n 10.2 Practical approach\n 10.3 Typical applications of inversion mode\n 10.4 Conclusions\n 11 The Silhouette Tool\n 11.1 Principle\n 11.2 Practical application\n 11.3 Typical applications of silhouette tool\n 11.4 Conclusions\n 12 The Glass-Body Mode and HD-Live Flow\n 12.1 Principle\n 12.2 Practical approach\n 12.3 Glass-body mode with HD-live flow function\n 12.4 Typical applications in the glass-body mode\n 12.5 HD-live flow using the color silhouette tool\n 12.6 Conclusions\n 13 The B-Flow Mode\n 13.1 Principle\n 12.2 Practical approach\n 13.3 Typical applications of the B-flow mode\n 13.4 Conclusions\n 14 Biplane Display using the Electronic Matrix Transducer\n 14.1 Principle\n 14.2 Practical approach\n 14.3 Typical applications of biplane mode\n 14.4 Conclusions\n 15 Calculation of 3D Volumes\n 15.1 Principle\n 15.2 Practical approach\n 15.3 Clinical application of volume calculation\n 15.4 Conclusions\nPart III: Clinical Applications of Prenatal Diagnosis\n 16 3D Fetal Neurosonography\n 16.1 Introduction\n 16.2 Fetal neurosonography with 3D ultrasound\n 16.3 3D visualization of specific brain structures\n 16.4 Reconstruction of fetal brain structures in 3D rendering\n 16.5 The intracranial vascular system in color Doppler\n 16.6 Fetal neurosonography before 14 weeks of gestation\n 16.7 Conclusions\n 17 3D of the Fetal Skeleton\n 17.1 Limitations in the assessment of the fetal skeleton using 2D ultrasound\n 17.2 3D of fetal spine and ribs\n 17.3 3D of the fetal limbs\n 17.4 3D of the facial and cranial bones\n 17.5 Conclusions\n 18 3D of the Fetal Face\n 18.1 The sonographic examination of the face in 2D and 3D ultrasound\n 18.2 The face in multiplanar display\n 18.3 The normal face in 3D/4D surface mode\n 18.4 The abnormal face in 3D/4D\n 18.5 The facial bones in 3D/4D\n 18.6 Conclusions\n 19 3D Intrathoracic and Intraabdominal Organs\n 19.1 Introduction\n 19.2 Intrathoracic organs\n 19.3 Intraabdominal organs\n 19.4 Conclusions\n 20 STIC and 3D/4D Fetal Echocardiography\n 20.1 The sonographic assessment of the heart in two-dimensional ultrasound\n 20.2 Acquiring cardiac volumes\n 20.3 Fetal echocardiography in 3D/4D multiplanar reconstruction\n 20.4 Fetal heart in 3D/4D volume rendering\n 20.5 Conclusions\n 21 3D in Early Pregnancy\n 21.1 Background\n 21.2 3D volume rendering in early gestation\n 21.3 Multiplanar display in early gestation\n 21.4 Conclusions\nFurther literature references and sources\nIndex
