فهرست مطالب
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Reviewers to the Second Edition
Preface
ORGANIZATION
RECURRING FEATURES
Contents
Contents in Brief
Unit One: Introduction to Maternity and Pediatric Nursing
CHAPTER 1: Perspectives on Maternal and Child Health Care
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
The History of Maternal and Newborn Health and Health Care
The History of Child Health and Child Health Care
Evolution of Maternal and Newborn Nursing
Evolution of Pediatric Nursing
HEALTH STATUS OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN
Mortality
Childhood Mortality
Morbidity
FACTORS AFFECTING MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH
Family
Genetics
Society
Culture
Health Status and Lifestyle
Access to Health Care
Improvements in Diagnosis and Treatments
Empowerment of Health Care Consumers
BARRIERS TO HEALTH CARE
Finances
Sociocultural Barriers
Health Care Delivery System Barriers
LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES IN MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH CARE
Abortion
Substance Abuse
Intrauterine Therapy
Maternal–Fetal Conflict
Stem Cell Research
Umbilical Cord Blood Banking
Informed Consent
Assent
Refusal of Medical Treatment
Advance Directives
Client Rights
Confidentiality
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSES
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 2: Core Concepts of Maternal and Child Health Care and Community-Based Care
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
CORE CONCEPTS OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH NURSING
Family-Centered Care
Evidence-Based Care
Collaborative Care
Atraumatic Pediatric Care
Communication
Education
Discharge Planner and Case Manager
Client Advocate and Resource Manager
Preventative Care
Culturally Competent Nursing Care
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
COMMUNITY-BASED CARE
Community Health Nursing
Community-Based Nursing
Shift in Responsibilities From Hospital-Based to Community-Based Nursing
Community-Based Nursing Interventions
Community-Based Nursing Challenges
Community-Based Nursing Care Settings for Women and Children
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
Unit Two: Women’s Health Throughout the Life Span
CHAPTER 3: Anatomy and Physiology of the Reproductive System
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
External Female Reproductive Organs
Internal Female Reproductive Organs
Breasts
Female Sexual Response
THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE
Menstruation
Reproductive Cycle
MALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
External Male Reproductive Organs
Internal Male Reproductive Organs
Male Sexual Response
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 4: Common Reproductive Issues
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
MENSTRUAL DISORDERS
Amenorrhea
Dysmenorrhea
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
Premenstrual Syndrome
Endometriosis
INFERTILITY
Cultural Considerations
Etiology and Risk Factors
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
CONTRACEPTION
Types of Contraceptive Methods
Nursing Management of the Woman Choosing a Contraceptive Method
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Diagnoses
Nursing Interventions
ABORTION
Surgical Abortion
Medical Abortion
MENOPAUSAL TRANSITION
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 5: Sexually Transmitted Infections
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AND ADOLESCENTS
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
INFECTIONS CHARACTERIZED BY VAGINAL DISCHARGE
Genital/Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC)
Trichomoniasis
Bacterial Vaginosis
INFECTIONS CHARACTERIZED BY CERVICITIS
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
INFECTIONS CHARACTERIZED BY GENITAL ULCERS
Genital Herpes Simplex
Syphilis
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
VACCINE-PREVENTABLE STIs
Human Papillomavirus
Hepatitis A and B
Hepatitis C
ECTOPARASITIC INFECTIONS
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)
HIV and Adolescents
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Management
PREVENTING SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
Behavior Modification
Contraception
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 6: Disorders of the Breasts
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
BENIGN BREAST DISORDERS
Fibrocystic Breast Changes
Fibroadenomas
Mastitis
MALIGNANT BREAST DISORDERS
Pathophysiology
Risk Factors
Diagnosis
Therapeutic Management
NURSING PROCESS FOR THE CLIENT WITH BREAST CANCER
Breast Cancer Screening
Nutrition
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 7: Benign Disorders of the Female Reproductive Tract
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
PELVIC SUPPORT DISORDERS
Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Urinary Incontinence
BENIGN GROWTHS
Polyps
Uterine Fibroids
Genital Fistulas
Bartholin’s Cysts
Ovarian Cysts
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 8: Cancers of the Female Reproductive Tract
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE WOMAN WITH CANCER OF THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
OVARIAN CANCER
Pathophysiology
Screening and Diagnosis
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
Endometrial Cancer
Cervical Cancer
Vaginal Cancer
Vulvar Cancer
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 9: Violence and Abuse
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
Incidence
Background
Characteristics of Intimate Partner Violence
Types of Abuse
Myths and Facts About Intimate Partner Violence
Abuse Profiles
Violence Against Pregnant Women
Violence Against Older Women
Nursing Management of Intimate Partner Violence Victims
SEXUAL VIOLENCE
Sexual Abuse
Incest
Rape
Female Genital Cutting
Human Trafficking
SUMMARY
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
Unit Three: Pregnancy
CHAPTER 10: Fetal Development and Genetics
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
FETAL DEVELOPMENT
Preembryonic Stage
Embryonic Stage
Fetal Stage
Fetal Circulation
GENETICS
Advances in Genetics
Inheritance
Patterns of Inheritance for Genetic Disorders
Chromosomal Abnormalities
GENETIC EVALUATION AND COUNSELING
Nursing Roles and Responsibilities
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 11: Maternal Adaptation During Pregnancy
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PREGNANCY
Subjective (Presumptive) Signs
Objective (Probable) Signs
Positive Signs
PHYSIOLOGIC ADAPTATIONS DURING PREGNANCY
Reproductive System Adaptations
General Body System Adaptations
CHANGING NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF PREGNANCY
Nutritional Requirements During Pregnancy
Maternal Weight Gain
Nutrition Promotion
Special Nutritional Considerations
PSYCHOSOCIAL ADAPTATIONS DURING PREGNANCY
Maternal Emotional Responses
Maternal Role Tasks
Pregnancy and Sexuality
Pregnancy and the Partner
Pregnancy and Siblings
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 12: Nursing Management During Pregnancy
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
PRECONCEPTION CARE
Risk Factors for Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Nursing Management
THE FIRST PRENATAL VISIT
Comprehensive Health History
Physical Examination
Laboratory Tests
FOLLOW-UP VISITS
Follow-Up Visit Intervals and Assessments
Fundal Height Measurement
Fetal Movement Determination
Fetal Heart Rate Measurement
Teaching About the Danger Signs of Pregnancy
ASSESSMENT OF FETAL WELL-BEING
Ultrasonography
Doppler Flow Studies
Alpha-Fetoprotein Analysis
Marker Screening Tests
Nuchal Translucency Screening
Amniocentesis
Chorionic Villus Sampling
Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling
Nonstress Test
Contraction Stress Test
Biophysical Profile
NURSING MANAGEMENT FOR THE COMMON DISCOMFORTS OF PREGNANCY
First-Trimester Discomforts
Second-Trimester Discomforts
Third-Trimester Discomforts
NURSING MANAGEMENT TO PROMOTE SELF-CARE
Personal Hygiene
Clothing
Exercise
Sleep and Rest
Sexual Activity and Sexuality
Employment
Travel
Immunizations and Medications
NURSING MANAGEMENT TO PREPARE THE WOMAN AND HER PARTNER FOR LABOR, BIRTH, AND PARENTHOOD
Childbirth Education Classes
Nursing Management and Childbirth Education
Options for Birth Settings and Care Providers
Preparation for Breast-Feeding or Bottle-Feeding
Final Preparation for Labor and Birth
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
Unit Four: Labor and Birth
CHAPTER 13: Labor and Birth Process
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
INITIATION OF LABOR
PREMONITORY SIGNS OF LABOR
Cervical Changes
Lightening
Increased Energy Level
Bloody Show
Braxton Hicks Contractions
Spontaneous Rupture of Membranes
TRUE VERSUS FALSE LABOR
FACTORS AFFECTING THE LABOR PROCESS
Passageway
Passenger
Powers
Position (Maternal)
Psychological Response
Philosophy
Partners
Patience
Patient (Client) Preparation
Pain Management
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSES TO LABOR
Maternal Responses
Fetal Responses
STAGES OF LABOR
First Stage
Second Stage
Third Stage
Fourth Stage
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 14: Nursing Management During Labor and Birth
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
MATERNAL ASSESSMENT DURING LABOR AND BIRTH
Vaginal Examination
Assessing Uterine Contractions
Performing Leopold’s Maneuvers
FETAL ASSESSMENT DURING LABOR AND BIRTH
Analysis of Amniotic Fluid
Analysis of the FHR
Other Fetal Assessment Methods
PROMOTING COMFORT AND PROVIDING PAIN MANAGEMENT DURING LABOR
Nonpharmacologic Measures
Pharmacologic Measures
NURSING CARE DURING LABOR AND BIRTH
Nursing Care During the First Stage of Labor
Nursing Management During the Second Stage of Labor
Nursing Management During the Third Stage of Labor
Nursing Management During the Fourth Stage of Labor
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
Unit Five: Postpartum Period
CHAPTER 15: Postpartum Adaptations
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
MATERNAL PHYSIOLOGIC ADAPTATIONS
Reproductive System Adaptations
Cardiovascular System Adaptations
Urinary System Adaptations
Gastrointestinal System Adaptations
Musculoskeletal System Adaptations
Integumentary System Adaptations
Respiratory System Adaptations
Endocrine System Adaptations
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE POSTPARTUM PERIOD
PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS
Parental Attachment Behaviors
Maternal Psychological Adaptations
Partner Psychological Adaptations
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 16: Nursing Management During the Postpartum Period
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
SOCIAL SUPPORT AND CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
NURSING ASSESSMENT
Vital Signs Assessment
Physical Assessment
Psychosocial Assessment
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
Providing Optimal Cultural Care
Promoting Comfort
Assisting With Elimination
Promoting Activity, Rest, and Exercise
Preventing Stress Incontinence
Assisting With Self-Care Measures
Ensuring Safety
Counseling About Sexuality and Contraception
Promoting Maternal Nutrition
Supporting the Woman’s Choice of Infant Feeding Method
Teaching About Breast Care
Promoting Family Adjustment and Well-Being
Preparing for Discharge
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
Unit Six: The Newborn
CHAPTER 17: Newborn Transitioning
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
PHYSIOLOGIC TRANSITIONING
Cardiovascular System Adaptations
Respiratory System Adaptations
Body Temperature Regulation
Hepatic System Function
Gastrointestinal System Adaptations
Renal System Changes
Immune System Adaptations
Integumentary System Adaptations
Neurologic System Adaptations
BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATIONS
Behavioral Patterns
Newborn Behavioral Responses
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 18: Nursing Management of the Newborn
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
NURSING MANAGEMENT DURING THE IMMEDIATE NEWBORN PERIOD
Assessment
Nursing Interventions
NURSING MANAGEMENT DURING THE EARLY NEWBORN PERIOD
Assessment
Nursing Interventions
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
Unit Seven: Childbearing at Risk
CHAPTER 19: Nursing Management of Pregnancy at Risk: Pregnancy-Related Complications
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
BLEEDING DURING PREGNANCY
Spontaneous Abortion
Ectopic Pregnancy
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
Cervical Insufficiency
Placenta Previa
Abruptio Placentae
Placenta Accreta
HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM
Pathophysiology
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY
Chronic Hypertension
Gestational Hypertension
Preeclampsia and Eclampsia
HELLP SYNDROME
Pathophysiology
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
GESTATIONAL DIABETES
BLOOD INCOMPATIBILITY
Pathophysiology
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
AMNIOTIC FLUID IMBALANCES
Hydramnios
Oligohydramnios
MULTIPLE GESTATION
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 20: Nursing Management of the Pregnancy at Risk: Selected Health Conditions and Vulnerable Populations
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
DIABETES MELLITUS
Pathophysiology
Screening
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
Congenital and Acquired Heart Disease
Chronic Hypertension
RESPIRATORY CONDITIONS
Asthma
Tuberculosis
HEMATOLOGIC CONDITIONS
Iron-Deficiency Anemia
Thalassemia
Sickle Cell Anemia
AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Multiple Sclerosis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
INFECTIONS
Cytomegalovirus
Rubella
Herpes Simplex Virus
Hepatitis B Virus
Varicella Zoster Virus
Parvovirus B19
Group B Streptococcus
Toxoplasmosis
Women Who Are HIV Positive
VULNERABLE POPULATIONS
Pregnant Adolescent
The Pregnant Woman Over Age 35
The Obese Pregnant Woman
The Pregnant Woman with Substance Abuse
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 21: Nursing Management of Labor and Birth at Risk
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
DYSTOCIA
Problems with the Powers
Problems with the Passenger
Problems with the Passageway
Problems with the Psyche
PRETERM LABOR
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
PROLONGED PREGNANCY
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
WOMEN REQUIRING LABOR INDUCTION AND AUGMENTATION
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
VAGINAL BIRTH AFTER CESAREAN
INTRAUTERINE FETAL DEMISE
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
WOMEN EXPERIENCING AN OBSTETRIC EMERGENCY
Umbilical Cord Prolapse
Placenta Previa
Placental Abruption
Uterine Rupture
Amniotic Fluid Embolism
WOMEN REQUIRING BIRTH-RELATED PROCEDURES
Amnioinfusion
Forceps- or Vacuum-Assisted Birth
Cesarean Birth
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 22: Nursing Management of the Postpartum Woman at Risk
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE
Pathophysiology
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
THROMBOEMBOLIC CONDITIONS
Pathophysiology
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
POSTPARTUM INFECTION
Metritis
Wound Infections
Urinary Tract Infections
Mastitis
POSTPARTUM AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
Postpartum or Baby Blues
Postpartum Depression
Postpartum Psychosis
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
Unit Eight: The Newborn at Risk
CHAPTER 23: Nursing Care of the Newborn with Special Needs
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
BIRTHWEIGHT VARIATIONS
Small-For-Gestational-Age Newborns
Large-For-Gestational-Age Newborns
GESTATIONAL AGE VARIATIONS
Postterm Newborn
Preterm Newborn
Late Preterm Newborn (“Near Term”)
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 24: Nursing Management of the Newborn at Risk: Acquired and Congenital Newborn Conditions
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
ACQUIRED DISORDERS
Perinatal Asphyxia
Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
Intraventricular Hemorrhage
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Infants of Diabetic Mothers
Birth Trauma
Newborns of Substance-Abusing Mothers
Hyperbilirubinemia
Newborn Infections
CONGENITAL CONDITIONS
Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Omphalocele and Gastroschisis
Anorectal Malformations
Bladder Exstrophy
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
Unit Nine: Health Promotion of the Growing Child and Family
CHAPTER 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW
Physical Growth
Organ System Maturation
Psychosocial Development
Cognitive Development
Motor Skill Development
Sensory Development
Communication and Language Development
Social and Emotional Development
Cultural Influences on Growth and Development
THE NURSE’S ROLE IN NEWBORN AND INFANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW
Promoting Healthy Growth and Development
Addressing Common Developmental Concerns
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 26: Growth and Development of the Toddler
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW
Physical Growth
Organ System Maturation
Psychosocial Development
Motor Skill Development
Sensory Development
Communication and Language Development
Emotional and Social Development
Moral and Spiritual Development
Cultural Influences on Growth and Development
THE NURSE’S ROLE IN TODDLER GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW
Promoting Healthy Growth and Development
Addressing Common Developmental Concerns
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 27: Growth and Development of the Preschooler
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW
Physical Growth
Organ System Maturation
Psychosocial Development
Cognitive Development
Moral and Spiritual Development
Motor Skill Development
Sensory Development
Communication and Language Development
Emotional and Social Development
Cultural Influences on Growth and Development
THE NURSE’S ROLE IN PRESCHOOL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW
Promoting Healthy Growth and Development
Addressing Common Developmental Concerns
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW
Physical Growth
Organ Systems Maturation
Psychosocial Development
Cognitive Development
Moral and Spiritual Development
Motor Skill Development
Sensory Development
Communication and Language Development
Emotional and Social Development
Cultural Influences on Growth and Development
THE NURSE’S ROLE IN SCHOOL-AGE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW
Promoting Healthy Growth and Development
Addressing Common Developmental Concerns
KEY CONCEPTS
Reference
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 29: Growth and Development of the Adolescent
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW
Physiologic Changes Associated with Puberty
Physical Growth
Organ System Maturation
Psychosocial Development
Cognitive Development
Moral and Spiritual Development
Motor Skill Development
Communication and Language Development
Emotional and Social Development
Cultural Influences on Growth and Development
THE NURSE'S ROLE IN ADOLESCENT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW
Promoting Healthy Growth and Development
Addressing Common Developmental Concerns
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
Unit Ten: Children and Their Families
CHAPTER 30: Atraumatic Care of Children and Families
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
PREVENTING/MINIMIZING PHYSICAL STRESSORS
Utilizing the Child Life Specialist
Minimizing Physical Stress During Procedures
PREVENTING OR MINIMIZING CHILD AND FAMILY SEPARATION: PROVIDING CLIENT- AND FAMILY-CENTERED CARE
PROMOTING A SENSE OF CONTROL
Enhancing Communication
Teaching Children and Families
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 31: Health Supervision
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH SUPERVISION
Wellness
Medical Home
Partnerships
Special Issues in Health Supervision
COMPONENTS OF HEALTH SUPERVISION
Developmental Surveillance and Screening
Injury and Disease Prevention
Health Promotion
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 32: Health Assessment of Children
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
HEALTH HISTORY
Preparing for the Health History
Performing a Health History
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
Preparing for the Physical Examination
Steps of the Physical Examination
Performing a Physical Examination
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 33: Caring for Children in Diverse Settings
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
HOSPITALIZATION IN CHILDHOOD
Children’s Reactions to Hospitalization
Factors Affecting Children’s Reaction to Hospitalization
Family’s Reactions to the Child’s Hospitalization
The Nurse’s Role in Caring for the Hospitalized Child
COMMUNITY CARE IN CHILDHOOD
Community-Based Nursing Settings
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 34: Caring for the Special Needs Child
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
THE MEDICALLY FRAGILE CHILD
Impact of the Problem
Effects of Special Needs on the Child
Effects on the Family
Nursing Management of the Medically Fragile Child and Family
THE DYING CHILD
End-of-Life Decision Making
Nursing Management of the Dying Child
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 35: Key Pediatric Nursing Interventions
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION
Differences in Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics
Developmental Issues and Concerns
Determination of Correct Dose
Oral Administration
Rectal Administration
Ophthalmic Administration
Otic Administration
Nasal Administration
Intramuscular Administration
Subcutaneous and Intradermal Administration
Intravenous Administration
Providing Atraumatic Care
Educating the Child and Parents
Preventing Medication Errors
INTRAVENOUS THERAPY
Sites
Equipment
Inserting Peripheral IV Access Devices
IV Fluid Administration
Preventing Complications
Discontinuing the IV Device
PROVIDING NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT
Enteral Nutrition
Parenteral Nutrition
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 36: Pain Management in Children
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
PHYSIOLOGY OF PAIN
Transduction
Transmission
Perception
Modulation
TYPES OF PAIN
Classification by Duration
Classification by Etiology
Classification by Source or Location
FACTORS INFLUENCING PAIN
Age and Gender
Cognitive Level
Temperament
Previous Pain Experiences
Family and Culture
Situational Factors
DEVELOPMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
Infants
Toddlers
Preschoolers
School-Age Children
Adolescents
COMMON FALLACIES AND MYTHS ABOUT PAIN IN CHILDREN
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD IN PAIN
MANAGEMENT OF PAIN
Nonpharmacologic Management
Pharmacologic Management
Management of Procedure-Related Pain
Management of Chronic Pain
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
Unit Eleven: Nursing Care of the Child With a Health Disorder
CHAPTER 37: Nursing Care of the Child With an Infectious or Communicable Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
INFECTIOUS PROCESS
Fever
Stages of Infectious Disease
Chain of Infection
Preventing the Spread of Infection
VARIATIONS IN PEDIATRIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH AN INFECTIOUS OR COMMUNICABLE DISORDER
SEPSIS
Pathophysiology
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
Scarlet Fever
Diphtheria
Pertussis
Tetanus
VIRAL INFECTIONS
Viral Exanthems
Mumps
ZOONOTIC INFECTIONS
Cat Scratch Disease
Rabies
VECTOR-BORNE INFECTIONS
Lyme Disease
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
PARASITIC AND HELMINTHIC INFECTIONS
Nursing Assessment and Management
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 38: Nursing Care of the Child With a Neurologic Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
VARIATIONS IN PEDIATRIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Brain and Spinal Cord Development
Nervous System
Head Size
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH A NEUROLOGIC DISORDER
SEIZURE DISORDERS
Epilepsy
Febrile Seizures
Neonatal Seizures
STRUCTURAL DEFECTS
Neural Tube Defects
Microcephaly
Arnold-Chiari Malformation
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformation
Craniosynostosis
Positional Plagiocephaly
INFECTIOUS DISORDERS
Bacterial Meningitis
Aseptic Meningitis
Encephalitis
Reye Syndrome
TRAUMA
Head Trauma
Nonaccidental Head Trauma
Near Drowning
BLOOD FLOW DISRUPTION
Cerebral Vascular Disorders (Stroke)
CHRONIC DISORDERS
Headaches
Breath Holding
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 39: Nursing Care of the Child With a Disorder of the Eyes or Ears
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
VARIATIONS IN PEDIATRIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Eyes
Ears
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH A DISORDER OF THE EYES OR EARS
INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS OF THE EYES
Conjunctivitis
Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
Eyelid Disorders
Periorbital Cellulitis
EYE INJURIES
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
VISUAL DISORDERS
Refractive Errors
Astigmatism
Strabismus
Amblyopia
Nystagmus
Infantile Glaucoma
Congenital Cataract
Retinopathy of Prematurity
Visual Impairment
INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS OF THE EARS
Acute Otitis Media
Otitis Media With Effusion
Otitis Externa
HEARING LOSS AND DEAFNESS
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 40: Nursing Care of the Child With a Respiratory Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
VARIATIONS IN PEDIATRIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Nose
Throat
Trachea
Lower Respiratory Structures
Chest Wall
Metabolic Rate and Oxygen Need
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH A RESPIRATORY DISORDER
ACUTE INFECTIOUS DISORDERS
Common Cold
Sinusitis
Influenza
Pharyngitis
Tonsillitis
Infectious Mononucleosis
Laryngitis
Croup
Epiglottitis
Bronchiolitis (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)
Pneumonia
Bronchitis
Tuberculosis
ACUTE NONINFECTIOUS DISORDERS
Epistaxis
Foreign Body Aspiration
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Pneumothorax
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISORDERS
Allergic Rhinitis
Asthma
Chronic Lung Disease
Cystic Fibrosis
Apnea
TRACHEOSTOMY
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 41: Nursing Care of the Child With a Cardiovascular Disorder
Key Terms
Learning Objectives
VARIATIONS IN PEDIATRIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Circulatory Changes From Gestation to Birth
Structural and Functional Differences
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH A CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDER
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
Pathophysiology
Therapeutic Management
Disorders With Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow
Disorders With Increased Pulmonary Flow
Obstructive Disorders
Mixed Defects
ACQUIRED CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
Heart Failure
Infective Endocarditis
Acute Rheumatic Fever
Cardiomyopathy
Hypertension
Kawasaki Disease
Hyperlipidemia
HEART TRANSPLANTATION
Surgical Procedure and Postoperative Therapeutic Management
Nursing Management
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 42: Nursing Care of the Child With a Gastrointestinal Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
VARIATIONS IN PEDIATRIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Intestines
Biliary System
Fluid Balance and Losses
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH A GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDER
STRUCTURAL ANOMALIES OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Cleft Lip and Palate
Anorectal Malformations
Meckel Diverticulum
Inguinal and Umbilical Hernias
ACUTE GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
Dehydration
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Oral Candidiasis (Thrush)
Oral Lesions
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Intussusception
Malrotation and Volvulus
Appendicitis
CHRONIC GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
Gastroesophageal Reflux
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Constipation and Encopresis
Hirschsprung Disease (Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon)
Short Bowel Syndrome
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Celiac Disease
Recurrent Abdominal Pain
HEPATOBILIARY DISORDERS
Pancreatitis
Gallbladder Disease
Biliary Atresia
Hepatitis
Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension
Liver Transplantation
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 43: Nursing Care of the Child With a Genitourinary Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
VARIATIONS IN PEDIATRIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Structural Differences
Urinary Concentration
Urine Output
Reproductive Organ Maturity
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH A GENITOURINARY DISORDER
URINARY TRACT AND RENAL DISORDERS
Structural Disorders
Acquired Disorders Resulting in Altered Renal Function
Renal Failure
Dialysis and Transplantation
Renal Transplantation
REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN DISORDERS
Female Disorders
Male Disorders
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 44: Nursing Care of the Child With a Neuromuscular Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
VARIATIONS IN PEDIATRIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Brain and Spinal Cord Development
Myelinization
Muscular Development
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH A NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDER
CONGENITAL NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS
Neural Tube Defects
ACQUIRED NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS
Spinal Cord Injury
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Myasthenia Gravis
Dermatomyositis
BOTULISM
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 45: Nursing Care of the Child With a Musculoskeletal Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
VARIATIONS IN PEDIATRIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Myelinization
Muscle Development
Skeletal Development
Growth Plate
Bone Healing
Positional Alterations
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
Casts
Traction
External Fixation
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH A MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDER
CONGENITAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
Pectus Excavatum
Limb Deficiencies
Polydactyly/Syndactyly
Metatarsus Adductus
Congenital Clubfoot
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Tibia Vara (Blount Disease)
Torticollis
ACQUIRED DISORDERS
Rickets
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Osteomyelitis
Septic Arthritis
Transient Synovitis of the Hip
Scoliosis
INJURIES
Fracture
Sprains
Overuse Syndromes
Radial Head Subluxation
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 46: Nursing Care of the Child With an Integumentary Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
VARIATIONS IN PEDIATRIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Differences in the Skin Between Children and Adults
Differences in Dark-Skinned Children
Sebaceous and Sweat Glands
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH AN INTEGUMENTARY DISORDER
INFECTIOUS DISORDERS
Bacterial Infections
Fungal Infections
INFLAMMATORY SKIN CONDITIONS
Diaper Dermatitis
Atopic Dermatitis
Contact Dermatitis
Erythema Multiforme
Urticaria
Seborrhea
Psoriasis
ACNE
Acne Neonatorum
Acne Vulgaris
INJURIES
Pressure Ulcers
Minor Injuries
Burns
Sunburn
Cold Injury
Human and Animal Bites
Insect Stings and Spider Bites
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 47: Nursing Care of the Child With a Hematologic Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
VARIATIONS IN PEDIATRIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Red Blood Cell Production
Hemoglobin
Iron
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH A HEMATOLOGIC DISORDER
ANEMIA
Iron-Deficiency Anemia
Other Nutritional Causes of Anemia
Lead Poisoning
Aplastic Anemia
Hemoglobinopathies
CLOTTING DISORDERS
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Hemophilia
Von Willebrand disease
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 48: Nursing Care of the Child With an Immunologic Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
VARIATIONS IN PEDIATRIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Lymph System
Phagocytosis
Cellular Immunity
Humoral Immunity
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH AN IMMUNOLOGIC DISORDER
PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCIES
Hypogammaglobulinemia
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
Severe Combined Immune Deficiency
SECONDARY IMMUNODEFICIENCIES
HIV Infection
AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
ALLERGY AND ANAPHYLAXIS
Food Allergies
Anaphylaxis
Latex Allergy
Key Concepts
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 49: Nursing Care of the Child With an Endocrine Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
VARIATIONS IN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Hormone Production and Secretion
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH AN ENDOCRINE DISORDER
PITUITARY DISORDERS
Growth Hormone Deficiency
Hyperpituitarism (Pituitary Gigantism)
Precocious Puberty
Delayed Puberty
Diabetes Insipidus
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone
DISORDERS OF THYROID FUNCTION
Congenital Hypothyroidism
Acquired Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
DISORDERS RELATED TO PARATHYROID GLAND FUNCTION
DISORDERS RELATED TO ADRENAL GLAND FUNCTION
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
DIABETES MELLITUS
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 50: Nursing Care of the Child With a Neoplastic Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
CHILDHOOD CANCER VERSUS ADULT CANCER
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH A NEOPLASTIC DISORDER
LEUKEMIA
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
LYMPHOMAS
Hodgkin Disease
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
BRAIN TUMORS
Pathophysiology
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
NEUROBLASTOMA
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
BONE AND SOFT TISSUE TUMORS
Osteosarcoma
Ewing Sarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
WILMS TUMOR
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
RETINOBLASTOMA
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
SCREENING FOR REPRODUCTIVE CANCERS IN ADOLESCENTS
Cervical Cancer
Testicular Cancer
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 51: Nursing Care of the Child With a Genetic Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
NURSE’S ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH A GENETIC DISORDER
COMMON CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES
Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)
Trisomy 18 and Trisomy 13
Turner Syndrome
Klinefelter Syndrome
Fragile X Syndrome
NEUROCUTANEOUS DISORDERS
Neurofibromatosis
OTHER GENETIC DISORDERS
INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 52: Nursing Care of the Child With a Cognitive or Mental Health Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
EFFECTS OF MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES ON HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH A MENTAL HEALTH DISORDER
DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS
Learning Disabilities
Intellectual Disability
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder
TOURETTE SYNDROME
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
EATING DISORDERS
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
MOOD DISORDERS
Pathophysiology
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
ANXIETY DISORDERS
Types of Anxiety Disorders
Pathophysiology
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
ABUSE AND VIOLENCE
Child Maltreatment
Münchausen Syndrome by Proxy
Substance Abuse
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 53: Nursing Care During a Pediatric Emergency
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD IN AN EMERGENCY SITUATION
NURSING MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN IN EMERGENCIES
Respiratory Arrest
SHOCK
Pathophysiology
Types of Shock
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS AND ARREST
Pathophysiology
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
NEAR DROWNING
Pathophysiology
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
POISONING
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
TRAUMA
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
Appendix A: Standard Laboratory Values
Appendix B: Clinical Paths
Appendix C: Cervical Dilation Chart
Appendix D: Weight Conversion Charts
Appendix E: Breast-Feeding and Medication Use
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF SELECTED MEDICATION CATEGORIES ON THE BREAST-FED INFANT
MEDICATIONS THAT USUALLY ARE CONTRAINDICATED FOR THE BREAST-FEEDING WOMAN
Appendix F: Growth Charts
Appendix G: Denver II Developmental Assessment
Appendix H: Blood Pressure Charts for Children and Adolescents
Appendix I: Down Syndrome Health Care Guidelines
Index
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Reviewers to the Second Edition
Preface
ORGANIZATION
RECURRING FEATURES
Contents
Contents in Brief
Unit One: Introduction to Maternity and Pediatric Nursing
CHAPTER 1: Perspectives on Maternal and Child Health Care
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
The History of Maternal and Newborn Health and Health Care
The History of Child Health and Child Health Care
Evolution of Maternal and Newborn Nursing
Evolution of Pediatric Nursing
HEALTH STATUS OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN
Mortality
Childhood Mortality
Morbidity
FACTORS AFFECTING MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH
Family
Genetics
Society
Culture
Health Status and Lifestyle
Access to Health Care
Improvements in Diagnosis and Treatments
Empowerment of Health Care Consumers
BARRIERS TO HEALTH CARE
Finances
Sociocultural Barriers
Health Care Delivery System Barriers
LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES IN MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH CARE
Abortion
Substance Abuse
Intrauterine Therapy
Maternal–Fetal Conflict
Stem Cell Research
Umbilical Cord Blood Banking
Informed Consent
Assent
Refusal of Medical Treatment
Advance Directives
Client Rights
Confidentiality
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSES
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 2: Core Concepts of Maternal and Child Health Care and Community-Based Care
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
CORE CONCEPTS OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH NURSING
Family-Centered Care
Evidence-Based Care
Collaborative Care
Atraumatic Pediatric Care
Communication
Education
Discharge Planner and Case Manager
Client Advocate and Resource Manager
Preventative Care
Culturally Competent Nursing Care
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
COMMUNITY-BASED CARE
Community Health Nursing
Community-Based Nursing
Shift in Responsibilities From Hospital-Based to Community-Based Nursing
Community-Based Nursing Interventions
Community-Based Nursing Challenges
Community-Based Nursing Care Settings for Women and Children
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
Unit Two: Women’s Health Throughout the Life Span
CHAPTER 3: Anatomy and Physiology of the Reproductive System
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
External Female Reproductive Organs
Internal Female Reproductive Organs
Breasts
Female Sexual Response
THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE
Menstruation
Reproductive Cycle
MALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
External Male Reproductive Organs
Internal Male Reproductive Organs
Male Sexual Response
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 4: Common Reproductive Issues
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
MENSTRUAL DISORDERS
Amenorrhea
Dysmenorrhea
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
Premenstrual Syndrome
Endometriosis
INFERTILITY
Cultural Considerations
Etiology and Risk Factors
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
CONTRACEPTION
Types of Contraceptive Methods
Nursing Management of the Woman Choosing a Contraceptive Method
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Diagnoses
Nursing Interventions
ABORTION
Surgical Abortion
Medical Abortion
MENOPAUSAL TRANSITION
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 5: Sexually Transmitted Infections
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AND ADOLESCENTS
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
INFECTIONS CHARACTERIZED BY VAGINAL DISCHARGE
Genital/Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC)
Trichomoniasis
Bacterial Vaginosis
INFECTIONS CHARACTERIZED BY CERVICITIS
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
INFECTIONS CHARACTERIZED BY GENITAL ULCERS
Genital Herpes Simplex
Syphilis
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
VACCINE-PREVENTABLE STIs
Human Papillomavirus
Hepatitis A and B
Hepatitis C
ECTOPARASITIC INFECTIONS
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)
HIV and Adolescents
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Management
PREVENTING SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
Behavior Modification
Contraception
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 6: Disorders of the Breasts
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
BENIGN BREAST DISORDERS
Fibrocystic Breast Changes
Fibroadenomas
Mastitis
MALIGNANT BREAST DISORDERS
Pathophysiology
Risk Factors
Diagnosis
Therapeutic Management
NURSING PROCESS FOR THE CLIENT WITH BREAST CANCER
Breast Cancer Screening
Nutrition
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 7: Benign Disorders of the Female Reproductive Tract
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
PELVIC SUPPORT DISORDERS
Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Urinary Incontinence
BENIGN GROWTHS
Polyps
Uterine Fibroids
Genital Fistulas
Bartholin’s Cysts
Ovarian Cysts
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 8: Cancers of the Female Reproductive Tract
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE WOMAN WITH CANCER OF THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
OVARIAN CANCER
Pathophysiology
Screening and Diagnosis
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
Endometrial Cancer
Cervical Cancer
Vaginal Cancer
Vulvar Cancer
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 9: Violence and Abuse
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
Incidence
Background
Characteristics of Intimate Partner Violence
Types of Abuse
Myths and Facts About Intimate Partner Violence
Abuse Profiles
Violence Against Pregnant Women
Violence Against Older Women
Nursing Management of Intimate Partner Violence Victims
SEXUAL VIOLENCE
Sexual Abuse
Incest
Rape
Female Genital Cutting
Human Trafficking
SUMMARY
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
Unit Three: Pregnancy
CHAPTER 10: Fetal Development and Genetics
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
FETAL DEVELOPMENT
Preembryonic Stage
Embryonic Stage
Fetal Stage
Fetal Circulation
GENETICS
Advances in Genetics
Inheritance
Patterns of Inheritance for Genetic Disorders
Chromosomal Abnormalities
GENETIC EVALUATION AND COUNSELING
Nursing Roles and Responsibilities
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 11: Maternal Adaptation During Pregnancy
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PREGNANCY
Subjective (Presumptive) Signs
Objective (Probable) Signs
Positive Signs
PHYSIOLOGIC ADAPTATIONS DURING PREGNANCY
Reproductive System Adaptations
General Body System Adaptations
CHANGING NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF PREGNANCY
Nutritional Requirements During Pregnancy
Maternal Weight Gain
Nutrition Promotion
Special Nutritional Considerations
PSYCHOSOCIAL ADAPTATIONS DURING PREGNANCY
Maternal Emotional Responses
Maternal Role Tasks
Pregnancy and Sexuality
Pregnancy and the Partner
Pregnancy and Siblings
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 12: Nursing Management During Pregnancy
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
PRECONCEPTION CARE
Risk Factors for Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Nursing Management
THE FIRST PRENATAL VISIT
Comprehensive Health History
Physical Examination
Laboratory Tests
FOLLOW-UP VISITS
Follow-Up Visit Intervals and Assessments
Fundal Height Measurement
Fetal Movement Determination
Fetal Heart Rate Measurement
Teaching About the Danger Signs of Pregnancy
ASSESSMENT OF FETAL WELL-BEING
Ultrasonography
Doppler Flow Studies
Alpha-Fetoprotein Analysis
Marker Screening Tests
Nuchal Translucency Screening
Amniocentesis
Chorionic Villus Sampling
Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling
Nonstress Test
Contraction Stress Test
Biophysical Profile
NURSING MANAGEMENT FOR THE COMMON DISCOMFORTS OF PREGNANCY
First-Trimester Discomforts
Second-Trimester Discomforts
Third-Trimester Discomforts
NURSING MANAGEMENT TO PROMOTE SELF-CARE
Personal Hygiene
Clothing
Exercise
Sleep and Rest
Sexual Activity and Sexuality
Employment
Travel
Immunizations and Medications
NURSING MANAGEMENT TO PREPARE THE WOMAN AND HER PARTNER FOR LABOR, BIRTH, AND PARENTHOOD
Childbirth Education Classes
Nursing Management and Childbirth Education
Options for Birth Settings and Care Providers
Preparation for Breast-Feeding or Bottle-Feeding
Final Preparation for Labor and Birth
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
Unit Four: Labor and Birth
CHAPTER 13: Labor and Birth Process
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
INITIATION OF LABOR
PREMONITORY SIGNS OF LABOR
Cervical Changes
Lightening
Increased Energy Level
Bloody Show
Braxton Hicks Contractions
Spontaneous Rupture of Membranes
TRUE VERSUS FALSE LABOR
FACTORS AFFECTING THE LABOR PROCESS
Passageway
Passenger
Powers
Position (Maternal)
Psychological Response
Philosophy
Partners
Patience
Patient (Client) Preparation
Pain Management
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSES TO LABOR
Maternal Responses
Fetal Responses
STAGES OF LABOR
First Stage
Second Stage
Third Stage
Fourth Stage
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 14: Nursing Management During Labor and Birth
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
MATERNAL ASSESSMENT DURING LABOR AND BIRTH
Vaginal Examination
Assessing Uterine Contractions
Performing Leopold’s Maneuvers
FETAL ASSESSMENT DURING LABOR AND BIRTH
Analysis of Amniotic Fluid
Analysis of the FHR
Other Fetal Assessment Methods
PROMOTING COMFORT AND PROVIDING PAIN MANAGEMENT DURING LABOR
Nonpharmacologic Measures
Pharmacologic Measures
NURSING CARE DURING LABOR AND BIRTH
Nursing Care During the First Stage of Labor
Nursing Management During the Second Stage of Labor
Nursing Management During the Third Stage of Labor
Nursing Management During the Fourth Stage of Labor
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
Unit Five: Postpartum Period
CHAPTER 15: Postpartum Adaptations
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
MATERNAL PHYSIOLOGIC ADAPTATIONS
Reproductive System Adaptations
Cardiovascular System Adaptations
Urinary System Adaptations
Gastrointestinal System Adaptations
Musculoskeletal System Adaptations
Integumentary System Adaptations
Respiratory System Adaptations
Endocrine System Adaptations
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE POSTPARTUM PERIOD
PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS
Parental Attachment Behaviors
Maternal Psychological Adaptations
Partner Psychological Adaptations
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 16: Nursing Management During the Postpartum Period
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
SOCIAL SUPPORT AND CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
NURSING ASSESSMENT
Vital Signs Assessment
Physical Assessment
Psychosocial Assessment
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
Providing Optimal Cultural Care
Promoting Comfort
Assisting With Elimination
Promoting Activity, Rest, and Exercise
Preventing Stress Incontinence
Assisting With Self-Care Measures
Ensuring Safety
Counseling About Sexuality and Contraception
Promoting Maternal Nutrition
Supporting the Woman’s Choice of Infant Feeding Method
Teaching About Breast Care
Promoting Family Adjustment and Well-Being
Preparing for Discharge
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
Unit Six: The Newborn
CHAPTER 17: Newborn Transitioning
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
PHYSIOLOGIC TRANSITIONING
Cardiovascular System Adaptations
Respiratory System Adaptations
Body Temperature Regulation
Hepatic System Function
Gastrointestinal System Adaptations
Renal System Changes
Immune System Adaptations
Integumentary System Adaptations
Neurologic System Adaptations
BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATIONS
Behavioral Patterns
Newborn Behavioral Responses
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 18: Nursing Management of the Newborn
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
NURSING MANAGEMENT DURING THE IMMEDIATE NEWBORN PERIOD
Assessment
Nursing Interventions
NURSING MANAGEMENT DURING THE EARLY NEWBORN PERIOD
Assessment
Nursing Interventions
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
Unit Seven: Childbearing at Risk
CHAPTER 19: Nursing Management of Pregnancy at Risk: Pregnancy-Related Complications
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
BLEEDING DURING PREGNANCY
Spontaneous Abortion
Ectopic Pregnancy
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
Cervical Insufficiency
Placenta Previa
Abruptio Placentae
Placenta Accreta
HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM
Pathophysiology
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY
Chronic Hypertension
Gestational Hypertension
Preeclampsia and Eclampsia
HELLP SYNDROME
Pathophysiology
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
GESTATIONAL DIABETES
BLOOD INCOMPATIBILITY
Pathophysiology
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
AMNIOTIC FLUID IMBALANCES
Hydramnios
Oligohydramnios
MULTIPLE GESTATION
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 20: Nursing Management of the Pregnancy at Risk: Selected Health Conditions and Vulnerable Populations
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
DIABETES MELLITUS
Pathophysiology
Screening
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
Congenital and Acquired Heart Disease
Chronic Hypertension
RESPIRATORY CONDITIONS
Asthma
Tuberculosis
HEMATOLOGIC CONDITIONS
Iron-Deficiency Anemia
Thalassemia
Sickle Cell Anemia
AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Multiple Sclerosis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
INFECTIONS
Cytomegalovirus
Rubella
Herpes Simplex Virus
Hepatitis B Virus
Varicella Zoster Virus
Parvovirus B19
Group B Streptococcus
Toxoplasmosis
Women Who Are HIV Positive
VULNERABLE POPULATIONS
Pregnant Adolescent
The Pregnant Woman Over Age 35
The Obese Pregnant Woman
The Pregnant Woman with Substance Abuse
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 21: Nursing Management of Labor and Birth at Risk
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
DYSTOCIA
Problems with the Powers
Problems with the Passenger
Problems with the Passageway
Problems with the Psyche
PRETERM LABOR
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
PROLONGED PREGNANCY
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
WOMEN REQUIRING LABOR INDUCTION AND AUGMENTATION
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
VAGINAL BIRTH AFTER CESAREAN
INTRAUTERINE FETAL DEMISE
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
WOMEN EXPERIENCING AN OBSTETRIC EMERGENCY
Umbilical Cord Prolapse
Placenta Previa
Placental Abruption
Uterine Rupture
Amniotic Fluid Embolism
WOMEN REQUIRING BIRTH-RELATED PROCEDURES
Amnioinfusion
Forceps- or Vacuum-Assisted Birth
Cesarean Birth
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 22: Nursing Management of the Postpartum Woman at Risk
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE
Pathophysiology
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
THROMBOEMBOLIC CONDITIONS
Pathophysiology
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
POSTPARTUM INFECTION
Metritis
Wound Infections
Urinary Tract Infections
Mastitis
POSTPARTUM AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
Postpartum or Baby Blues
Postpartum Depression
Postpartum Psychosis
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
Unit Eight: The Newborn at Risk
CHAPTER 23: Nursing Care of the Newborn with Special Needs
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
BIRTHWEIGHT VARIATIONS
Small-For-Gestational-Age Newborns
Large-For-Gestational-Age Newborns
GESTATIONAL AGE VARIATIONS
Postterm Newborn
Preterm Newborn
Late Preterm Newborn (“Near Term”)
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 24: Nursing Management of the Newborn at Risk: Acquired and Congenital Newborn Conditions
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
ACQUIRED DISORDERS
Perinatal Asphyxia
Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
Intraventricular Hemorrhage
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Infants of Diabetic Mothers
Birth Trauma
Newborns of Substance-Abusing Mothers
Hyperbilirubinemia
Newborn Infections
CONGENITAL CONDITIONS
Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Omphalocele and Gastroschisis
Anorectal Malformations
Bladder Exstrophy
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
Unit Nine: Health Promotion of the Growing Child and Family
CHAPTER 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW
Physical Growth
Organ System Maturation
Psychosocial Development
Cognitive Development
Motor Skill Development
Sensory Development
Communication and Language Development
Social and Emotional Development
Cultural Influences on Growth and Development
THE NURSE’S ROLE IN NEWBORN AND INFANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW
Promoting Healthy Growth and Development
Addressing Common Developmental Concerns
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 26: Growth and Development of the Toddler
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW
Physical Growth
Organ System Maturation
Psychosocial Development
Motor Skill Development
Sensory Development
Communication and Language Development
Emotional and Social Development
Moral and Spiritual Development
Cultural Influences on Growth and Development
THE NURSE’S ROLE IN TODDLER GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW
Promoting Healthy Growth and Development
Addressing Common Developmental Concerns
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 27: Growth and Development of the Preschooler
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW
Physical Growth
Organ System Maturation
Psychosocial Development
Cognitive Development
Moral and Spiritual Development
Motor Skill Development
Sensory Development
Communication and Language Development
Emotional and Social Development
Cultural Influences on Growth and Development
THE NURSE’S ROLE IN PRESCHOOL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW
Promoting Healthy Growth and Development
Addressing Common Developmental Concerns
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW
Physical Growth
Organ Systems Maturation
Psychosocial Development
Cognitive Development
Moral and Spiritual Development
Motor Skill Development
Sensory Development
Communication and Language Development
Emotional and Social Development
Cultural Influences on Growth and Development
THE NURSE’S ROLE IN SCHOOL-AGE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW
Promoting Healthy Growth and Development
Addressing Common Developmental Concerns
KEY CONCEPTS
Reference
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 29: Growth and Development of the Adolescent
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW
Physiologic Changes Associated with Puberty
Physical Growth
Organ System Maturation
Psychosocial Development
Cognitive Development
Moral and Spiritual Development
Motor Skill Development
Communication and Language Development
Emotional and Social Development
Cultural Influences on Growth and Development
THE NURSE'S ROLE IN ADOLESCENT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW
Promoting Healthy Growth and Development
Addressing Common Developmental Concerns
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
Unit Ten: Children and Their Families
CHAPTER 30: Atraumatic Care of Children and Families
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
PREVENTING/MINIMIZING PHYSICAL STRESSORS
Utilizing the Child Life Specialist
Minimizing Physical Stress During Procedures
PREVENTING OR MINIMIZING CHILD AND FAMILY SEPARATION: PROVIDING CLIENT- AND FAMILY-CENTERED CARE
PROMOTING A SENSE OF CONTROL
Enhancing Communication
Teaching Children and Families
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 31: Health Supervision
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH SUPERVISION
Wellness
Medical Home
Partnerships
Special Issues in Health Supervision
COMPONENTS OF HEALTH SUPERVISION
Developmental Surveillance and Screening
Injury and Disease Prevention
Health Promotion
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 32: Health Assessment of Children
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
HEALTH HISTORY
Preparing for the Health History
Performing a Health History
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
Preparing for the Physical Examination
Steps of the Physical Examination
Performing a Physical Examination
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 33: Caring for Children in Diverse Settings
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
HOSPITALIZATION IN CHILDHOOD
Children’s Reactions to Hospitalization
Factors Affecting Children’s Reaction to Hospitalization
Family’s Reactions to the Child’s Hospitalization
The Nurse’s Role in Caring for the Hospitalized Child
COMMUNITY CARE IN CHILDHOOD
Community-Based Nursing Settings
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 34: Caring for the Special Needs Child
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
THE MEDICALLY FRAGILE CHILD
Impact of the Problem
Effects of Special Needs on the Child
Effects on the Family
Nursing Management of the Medically Fragile Child and Family
THE DYING CHILD
End-of-Life Decision Making
Nursing Management of the Dying Child
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 35: Key Pediatric Nursing Interventions
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION
Differences in Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics
Developmental Issues and Concerns
Determination of Correct Dose
Oral Administration
Rectal Administration
Ophthalmic Administration
Otic Administration
Nasal Administration
Intramuscular Administration
Subcutaneous and Intradermal Administration
Intravenous Administration
Providing Atraumatic Care
Educating the Child and Parents
Preventing Medication Errors
INTRAVENOUS THERAPY
Sites
Equipment
Inserting Peripheral IV Access Devices
IV Fluid Administration
Preventing Complications
Discontinuing the IV Device
PROVIDING NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT
Enteral Nutrition
Parenteral Nutrition
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 36: Pain Management in Children
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
PHYSIOLOGY OF PAIN
Transduction
Transmission
Perception
Modulation
TYPES OF PAIN
Classification by Duration
Classification by Etiology
Classification by Source or Location
FACTORS INFLUENCING PAIN
Age and Gender
Cognitive Level
Temperament
Previous Pain Experiences
Family and Culture
Situational Factors
DEVELOPMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
Infants
Toddlers
Preschoolers
School-Age Children
Adolescents
COMMON FALLACIES AND MYTHS ABOUT PAIN IN CHILDREN
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD IN PAIN
MANAGEMENT OF PAIN
Nonpharmacologic Management
Pharmacologic Management
Management of Procedure-Related Pain
Management of Chronic Pain
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
Unit Eleven: Nursing Care of the Child With a Health Disorder
CHAPTER 37: Nursing Care of the Child With an Infectious or Communicable Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
INFECTIOUS PROCESS
Fever
Stages of Infectious Disease
Chain of Infection
Preventing the Spread of Infection
VARIATIONS IN PEDIATRIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH AN INFECTIOUS OR COMMUNICABLE DISORDER
SEPSIS
Pathophysiology
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
Scarlet Fever
Diphtheria
Pertussis
Tetanus
VIRAL INFECTIONS
Viral Exanthems
Mumps
ZOONOTIC INFECTIONS
Cat Scratch Disease
Rabies
VECTOR-BORNE INFECTIONS
Lyme Disease
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
PARASITIC AND HELMINTHIC INFECTIONS
Nursing Assessment and Management
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 38: Nursing Care of the Child With a Neurologic Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
VARIATIONS IN PEDIATRIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Brain and Spinal Cord Development
Nervous System
Head Size
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH A NEUROLOGIC DISORDER
SEIZURE DISORDERS
Epilepsy
Febrile Seizures
Neonatal Seizures
STRUCTURAL DEFECTS
Neural Tube Defects
Microcephaly
Arnold-Chiari Malformation
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformation
Craniosynostosis
Positional Plagiocephaly
INFECTIOUS DISORDERS
Bacterial Meningitis
Aseptic Meningitis
Encephalitis
Reye Syndrome
TRAUMA
Head Trauma
Nonaccidental Head Trauma
Near Drowning
BLOOD FLOW DISRUPTION
Cerebral Vascular Disorders (Stroke)
CHRONIC DISORDERS
Headaches
Breath Holding
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 39: Nursing Care of the Child With a Disorder of the Eyes or Ears
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
VARIATIONS IN PEDIATRIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Eyes
Ears
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH A DISORDER OF THE EYES OR EARS
INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS OF THE EYES
Conjunctivitis
Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
Eyelid Disorders
Periorbital Cellulitis
EYE INJURIES
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
VISUAL DISORDERS
Refractive Errors
Astigmatism
Strabismus
Amblyopia
Nystagmus
Infantile Glaucoma
Congenital Cataract
Retinopathy of Prematurity
Visual Impairment
INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS OF THE EARS
Acute Otitis Media
Otitis Media With Effusion
Otitis Externa
HEARING LOSS AND DEAFNESS
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 40: Nursing Care of the Child With a Respiratory Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
VARIATIONS IN PEDIATRIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Nose
Throat
Trachea
Lower Respiratory Structures
Chest Wall
Metabolic Rate and Oxygen Need
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH A RESPIRATORY DISORDER
ACUTE INFECTIOUS DISORDERS
Common Cold
Sinusitis
Influenza
Pharyngitis
Tonsillitis
Infectious Mononucleosis
Laryngitis
Croup
Epiglottitis
Bronchiolitis (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)
Pneumonia
Bronchitis
Tuberculosis
ACUTE NONINFECTIOUS DISORDERS
Epistaxis
Foreign Body Aspiration
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Pneumothorax
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISORDERS
Allergic Rhinitis
Asthma
Chronic Lung Disease
Cystic Fibrosis
Apnea
TRACHEOSTOMY
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 41: Nursing Care of the Child With a Cardiovascular Disorder
Key Terms
Learning Objectives
VARIATIONS IN PEDIATRIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Circulatory Changes From Gestation to Birth
Structural and Functional Differences
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH A CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDER
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
Pathophysiology
Therapeutic Management
Disorders With Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow
Disorders With Increased Pulmonary Flow
Obstructive Disorders
Mixed Defects
ACQUIRED CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
Heart Failure
Infective Endocarditis
Acute Rheumatic Fever
Cardiomyopathy
Hypertension
Kawasaki Disease
Hyperlipidemia
HEART TRANSPLANTATION
Surgical Procedure and Postoperative Therapeutic Management
Nursing Management
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 42: Nursing Care of the Child With a Gastrointestinal Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
VARIATIONS IN PEDIATRIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Intestines
Biliary System
Fluid Balance and Losses
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH A GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDER
STRUCTURAL ANOMALIES OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Cleft Lip and Palate
Anorectal Malformations
Meckel Diverticulum
Inguinal and Umbilical Hernias
ACUTE GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
Dehydration
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Oral Candidiasis (Thrush)
Oral Lesions
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Intussusception
Malrotation and Volvulus
Appendicitis
CHRONIC GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
Gastroesophageal Reflux
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Constipation and Encopresis
Hirschsprung Disease (Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon)
Short Bowel Syndrome
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Celiac Disease
Recurrent Abdominal Pain
HEPATOBILIARY DISORDERS
Pancreatitis
Gallbladder Disease
Biliary Atresia
Hepatitis
Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension
Liver Transplantation
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 43: Nursing Care of the Child With a Genitourinary Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
VARIATIONS IN PEDIATRIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Structural Differences
Urinary Concentration
Urine Output
Reproductive Organ Maturity
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH A GENITOURINARY DISORDER
URINARY TRACT AND RENAL DISORDERS
Structural Disorders
Acquired Disorders Resulting in Altered Renal Function
Renal Failure
Dialysis and Transplantation
Renal Transplantation
REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN DISORDERS
Female Disorders
Male Disorders
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 44: Nursing Care of the Child With a Neuromuscular Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
VARIATIONS IN PEDIATRIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Brain and Spinal Cord Development
Myelinization
Muscular Development
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH A NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDER
CONGENITAL NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS
Neural Tube Defects
ACQUIRED NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS
Spinal Cord Injury
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Myasthenia Gravis
Dermatomyositis
BOTULISM
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 45: Nursing Care of the Child With a Musculoskeletal Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
VARIATIONS IN PEDIATRIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Myelinization
Muscle Development
Skeletal Development
Growth Plate
Bone Healing
Positional Alterations
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
Casts
Traction
External Fixation
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH A MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDER
CONGENITAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
Pectus Excavatum
Limb Deficiencies
Polydactyly/Syndactyly
Metatarsus Adductus
Congenital Clubfoot
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Tibia Vara (Blount Disease)
Torticollis
ACQUIRED DISORDERS
Rickets
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Osteomyelitis
Septic Arthritis
Transient Synovitis of the Hip
Scoliosis
INJURIES
Fracture
Sprains
Overuse Syndromes
Radial Head Subluxation
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 46: Nursing Care of the Child With an Integumentary Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
VARIATIONS IN PEDIATRIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Differences in the Skin Between Children and Adults
Differences in Dark-Skinned Children
Sebaceous and Sweat Glands
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH AN INTEGUMENTARY DISORDER
INFECTIOUS DISORDERS
Bacterial Infections
Fungal Infections
INFLAMMATORY SKIN CONDITIONS
Diaper Dermatitis
Atopic Dermatitis
Contact Dermatitis
Erythema Multiforme
Urticaria
Seborrhea
Psoriasis
ACNE
Acne Neonatorum
Acne Vulgaris
INJURIES
Pressure Ulcers
Minor Injuries
Burns
Sunburn
Cold Injury
Human and Animal Bites
Insect Stings and Spider Bites
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 47: Nursing Care of the Child With a Hematologic Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
VARIATIONS IN PEDIATRIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Red Blood Cell Production
Hemoglobin
Iron
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH A HEMATOLOGIC DISORDER
ANEMIA
Iron-Deficiency Anemia
Other Nutritional Causes of Anemia
Lead Poisoning
Aplastic Anemia
Hemoglobinopathies
CLOTTING DISORDERS
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Hemophilia
Von Willebrand disease
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 48: Nursing Care of the Child With an Immunologic Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
VARIATIONS IN PEDIATRIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Lymph System
Phagocytosis
Cellular Immunity
Humoral Immunity
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH AN IMMUNOLOGIC DISORDER
PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCIES
Hypogammaglobulinemia
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
Severe Combined Immune Deficiency
SECONDARY IMMUNODEFICIENCIES
HIV Infection
AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
ALLERGY AND ANAPHYLAXIS
Food Allergies
Anaphylaxis
Latex Allergy
Key Concepts
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 49: Nursing Care of the Child With an Endocrine Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
VARIATIONS IN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Hormone Production and Secretion
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH AN ENDOCRINE DISORDER
PITUITARY DISORDERS
Growth Hormone Deficiency
Hyperpituitarism (Pituitary Gigantism)
Precocious Puberty
Delayed Puberty
Diabetes Insipidus
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone
DISORDERS OF THYROID FUNCTION
Congenital Hypothyroidism
Acquired Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
DISORDERS RELATED TO PARATHYROID GLAND FUNCTION
DISORDERS RELATED TO ADRENAL GLAND FUNCTION
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
DIABETES MELLITUS
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 50: Nursing Care of the Child With a Neoplastic Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
CHILDHOOD CANCER VERSUS ADULT CANCER
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH A NEOPLASTIC DISORDER
LEUKEMIA
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
LYMPHOMAS
Hodgkin Disease
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
BRAIN TUMORS
Pathophysiology
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
NEUROBLASTOMA
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
BONE AND SOFT TISSUE TUMORS
Osteosarcoma
Ewing Sarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
WILMS TUMOR
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
RETINOBLASTOMA
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
SCREENING FOR REPRODUCTIVE CANCERS IN ADOLESCENTS
Cervical Cancer
Testicular Cancer
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 51: Nursing Care of the Child With a Genetic Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
NURSE’S ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH A GENETIC DISORDER
COMMON CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES
Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)
Trisomy 18 and Trisomy 13
Turner Syndrome
Klinefelter Syndrome
Fragile X Syndrome
NEUROCUTANEOUS DISORDERS
Neurofibromatosis
OTHER GENETIC DISORDERS
INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 52: Nursing Care of the Child With a Cognitive or Mental Health Disorder
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
EFFECTS OF MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES ON HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD WITH A MENTAL HEALTH DISORDER
DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS
Learning Disabilities
Intellectual Disability
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder
TOURETTE SYNDROME
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
EATING DISORDERS
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
MOOD DISORDERS
Pathophysiology
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
ANXIETY DISORDERS
Types of Anxiety Disorders
Pathophysiology
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
ABUSE AND VIOLENCE
Child Maltreatment
Münchausen Syndrome by Proxy
Substance Abuse
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 53: Nursing Care During a Pediatric Emergency
KEY TERMS
Learning Objectives
COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW FOR THE CHILD IN AN EMERGENCY SITUATION
NURSING MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN IN EMERGENCIES
Respiratory Arrest
SHOCK
Pathophysiology
Types of Shock
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS AND ARREST
Pathophysiology
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
NEAR DROWNING
Pathophysiology
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
POISONING
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
TRAUMA
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Management
KEY CONCEPTS
References
CHAPTER WORKSHEET
Appendix A: Standard Laboratory Values
Appendix B: Clinical Paths
Appendix C: Cervical Dilation Chart
Appendix D: Weight Conversion Charts
Appendix E: Breast-Feeding and Medication Use
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF SELECTED MEDICATION CATEGORIES ON THE BREAST-FED INFANT
MEDICATIONS THAT USUALLY ARE CONTRAINDICATED FOR THE BREAST-FEEDING WOMAN
Appendix F: Growth Charts
Appendix G: Denver II Developmental Assessment
Appendix H: Blood Pressure Charts for Children and Adolescents
Appendix I: Down Syndrome Health Care Guidelines
Index
