فهرست مطالب
Preface I
Preface II
Preface III
Introduction
Contents
About the Editors
Editor-in-Chief
Editors and Contributors
Contributors (Ranked by Alphabetical Order of Family Name)
Part I: General Introduction to Infection of Skeletal Muscles and Inflammatory Diseases
1: Imaging Examination Techniques
1.1 X-Ray Imaging Techniques
1.1.1 General Examination
1.1.2 Special Examination
1.1.2.1 Fluoroscopy
1.1.2.2 Examination of Stress Distribution
1.1.2.3 Arthrography
1.1.2.4 Tomosynthesis
1.2 CT Imaging Techniques
1.2.1 Conventional CT
1.2.2 Progress and Improvement of CT
1.3 MR Imaging Techniques
1.3.1 Conventional Sequences
1.3.2 Diffusion-Weighted Imaging
1.3.3 Magnetic Resonance T2 Mapping Technique
1.3.4 Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging
1.3.5 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
1.3.6 Enhanced MRI and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI
1.4 Ultrasonography
1.4.1 Conventional Ultrasonography
1.4.2 Novel Ultrasound Techniques
1.4.2.1 Elasticity Imaging
1.4.2.2 Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound
1.4.2.3 Interventional Musculoskeletal Ultrasound
1.5 Nuclear Medical Imaging
1.5.1 Three-Phase Bone Scan
1.5.2 18F-FDG-PET
1.6 Molecular Imaging
1.7 Strategies and Preferred Options for Imaging Examination of Musculoskeletal Infection
References
2: Etiological Classification and Pathogenic Characteristics
2.1 Pyogenic Infection
2.1.1 Suppurative Osteomyelitis
2.1.2 Pyogenic Arthritis
2.1.3 Pyogenic Spondylitis
2.2 Granulomatous Infection
2.2.1 Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection
2.2.1.1 Tuberculosis of Spine
2.2.1.2 Joint Tuberculosis
2.2.1.3 Bone Tuberculosis
2.2.2 Brucella Infection
2.3 Fungal Infection
2.4 Parasitic Infection
2.5 AIDS-Related Musculoskeletal Diseases
2.6 Syphilis of Bone
2.7 Novel Coronavirus
2.8 Rheumatic Immune Diseases
2.8.1 Rheumatoid Arthritis
2.8.2 Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)
References
3: Imaging Characteristics and Analysis Strategies
3.1 Skeletal Change
3.1.1 Bone Destruction
3.1.2 Abnormal Bone Marrow
3.1.3 Periosteal Reaction
3.1.4 Osteonecrosis
3.1.5 Bone Deformity
3.1.6 Osteoporosis
3.1.7 Abnormal Ossification
3.1.8 Abnormal Calcification
3.2 Abnormal Joint Changes
3.2.1 Joint Swelling
3.2.2 Joint Destruction
3.2.3 Degeneration of Joint
3.2.4 Ankylosis
3.2.5 Joint Dislocation
3.2.6 Intra-Articular Mass
3.2.7 Periarticular Cystic Lesions
3.3 Abnormal Soft Tissue Changes
3.3.1 Soft-Tissue Edema
3.3.2 Calcification and Ossification in Soft Tissue
3.3.3 Gas in Soft Tissue
3.3.4 Soft-Tissue Abscess
3.4 Analysis Strategies of Musculoskeletal Infections
3.4.1 Whether the Image Is Normal
3.4.2 Origin of Lesion
References
Part II: Monographs on Infection and Inflammatory Diseases of Skeletal Muscles
4: Infectious Lesions in Bones and Joints
4.1 Anatomy of Bones and Joints and Imaging Anatomy
4.1.1 Anatomy of Bone
4.1.1.1 Composition of Skeletons
4.1.1.2 Morphology of Skeletons
4.1.1.3 Blood Supply to Bones
4.1.2 Anatomy of the Joint
4.1.2.1 Diarthrosis
4.1.2.2 Amphiarthrosis
4.1.2.3 Synarthrosis
4.1.3 Imaging Anatomy of Bone and Joint
4.1.3.1 X-ray
4.1.3.2 CT
4.1.3.3 MRI
4.2 Characteristics and Pathophysiological Changes in Common Pathogen Infection
4.2.1 Staphylococcus aureus
4.2.2 Streptococcus
4.2.2.1 Pathogenic Substance
4.2.2.2 Diseases Caused
4.2.3 Meningococcus
4.2.4 Klebsiella
4.2.5 Pseudomonas aeruginosa
4.2.6 Brucella
4.2.7 Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
4.2.8 Hydatid Cyst
4.2.9 Aspergillus
4.2.10 Candida
4.2.11 Cryptococcus Neoformans
4.2.12 Coccidioides
4.3 Bacterial Infection
4.3.1 Acute Suppurative Osteomyelitis
4.3.2 Chronic Osteomyelitis
4.3.3 Chronic Abscess of Bone
4.3.4 Sclerosing Osteomyelitis
4.4 Fungal Infection
4.5 Brucella Infection
4.6 Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection
4.6.1 Tubular Bone Tuberculosis
4.6.1.1 Tuberculosis of Epiphysis and Metaphysis
4.6.1.2 Tuberculosis of Long Tubular Bone Diaphysis
4.6.1.3 Short Bone Tuberculosis
4.6.2 Flat Bone and Irregular Bone Tuberculosis
4.6.2.1 Tuberculosis of Skull
4.6.2.2 Tuberculosis of Ribs and Sternum
4.6.2.3 Tuberculosis of Iliac Bone, Pubic Bone, and Ischium
4.6.3 Joint Tuberculosis
4.6.3.1 Hip Joint Tuberculosis
4.6.3.2 Tuberculosis of Knee Joint
4.7 Echinococcosis of Bones and Joints
4.8 Pyogenic Arthritis
4.9 Chronic Non-bacterial Osteomyelitis
References
5: Spinal Infection
5.1 Anatomy of Spine and Imaging Anatomy
5.1.1 Anatomy of Spine
5.1.2 Imaging Anatomy of Spine
5.2 Characteristics and Pathophysiological Changes in Common Pathogen Infection
5.3 Bacterial Infection
5.4 Fungal Infection
5.5 Brucella Infection
5.6 Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection
5.7 Hydatid Disease of Spine
References
6: Bone and Joint Infection in Children
6.1 Bone Development in Children and Imaging Anatomy
6.1.1 Development of Bone
6.1.2 Anatomy of Bone
6.1.3 Blood Supply to Bones
6.1.4 IV Joint
6.1.5 Imaging Anatomy of Bones in the Extremities of Children
6.2 Characteristics and Pathophysiological Changes in Common Pathogen Infection
6.2.1 Staphylococcus aureus
6.2.2 Streptococcus
6.2.3 Meningococcus
6.2.4 Brucella
6.2.5 Mycobacterium tuberculosis
6.2.6 Hydatid
6.2.7 Aspergillus
6.2.8 Candida
6.2.9 Cryptococcus neoformans
6.2.10 Coccidioides
6.2.11 Syphilis
6.3 Bacterial Infection
6.3.1 Acute Suppurative Osteomyelitis
6.3.2 Chronic Suppurative Osteomyelitis
6.3.3 Chronic Abscess of Bone
6.4 Fungal Infection
6.5 Syphilis of Bone
6.5.1 Congenital Syphilis of Bone
6.5.1.1 Early-Onset Congenital Syphilis of Bone
6.5.1.2 Late-Onset Congenital Syphilis of Bone
6.5.2 Acquired Syphilis of Bone
6.6 Pyogenic Arthritis
6.7 Osteomyelitis in Infants
References
7: AIDS-Related Musculoskeletal Diseases
7.1 Osteomyelitis
7.2 Bacillary Angiomatosis
7.3 Septic Arthritis
7.4 Soft Tissue Infection
7.4.1 Cellulitis
7.4.2 Soft Tissue Abscess
7.4.3 Pyomyositis
7.5 Necrotizing Fasciitis
7.6 Osteoporosis
7.7 Hemophilic Arthropathy
References
8: Soft Tissue Infection
8.1 Bacterial Infection
8.1.1 Congenital Malformation with Infection: Fistula and Sinus
8.1.2 Thyroglossal Cyst
8.1.3 Branchial Cyst and Fistula
8.1.4 Dermal Sinus
8.1.5 Panniculitis
8.1.6 Cellulitis
8.1.7 Necrotizing Fasciitis
8.1.8 Neonatal Infectious Gangrene of Subcutaneous Tissue
8.2 Fungal Infection
8.3 Brucella Infection
8.4 Hydatid Infection
8.5 Other Rare Pathogen Infections
8.5.1 Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Infection
8.5.2 Actinomycotic Infection
References
9: Lesions of Bones and Joints Associated with Rheumatism
9.1 Rheumatoid Arthritis
9.2 Seronegative Spondyloarthropathy
9.2.1 Ankylosing Spondylitis
9.2.2 Psoriatic Arthritis
9.2.3 Reactive Arthritis
9.2.4 Enteropathic Arthritis
9.3 Gouty Arthritis
9.4 Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy
9.5 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
References
Correction to: Radiology of Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases - Volume 5
Correction to: H. Li et al., Radiology of Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases - Volume 5 - Musculoskeletal system, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5003-1.
Preface II
Preface III
Introduction
Contents
About the Editors
Editor-in-Chief
Editors and Contributors
Contributors (Ranked by Alphabetical Order of Family Name)
Part I: General Introduction to Infection of Skeletal Muscles and Inflammatory Diseases
1: Imaging Examination Techniques
1.1 X-Ray Imaging Techniques
1.1.1 General Examination
1.1.2 Special Examination
1.1.2.1 Fluoroscopy
1.1.2.2 Examination of Stress Distribution
1.1.2.3 Arthrography
1.1.2.4 Tomosynthesis
1.2 CT Imaging Techniques
1.2.1 Conventional CT
1.2.2 Progress and Improvement of CT
1.3 MR Imaging Techniques
1.3.1 Conventional Sequences
1.3.2 Diffusion-Weighted Imaging
1.3.3 Magnetic Resonance T2 Mapping Technique
1.3.4 Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging
1.3.5 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
1.3.6 Enhanced MRI and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI
1.4 Ultrasonography
1.4.1 Conventional Ultrasonography
1.4.2 Novel Ultrasound Techniques
1.4.2.1 Elasticity Imaging
1.4.2.2 Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound
1.4.2.3 Interventional Musculoskeletal Ultrasound
1.5 Nuclear Medical Imaging
1.5.1 Three-Phase Bone Scan
1.5.2 18F-FDG-PET
1.6 Molecular Imaging
1.7 Strategies and Preferred Options for Imaging Examination of Musculoskeletal Infection
References
2: Etiological Classification and Pathogenic Characteristics
2.1 Pyogenic Infection
2.1.1 Suppurative Osteomyelitis
2.1.2 Pyogenic Arthritis
2.1.3 Pyogenic Spondylitis
2.2 Granulomatous Infection
2.2.1 Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection
2.2.1.1 Tuberculosis of Spine
2.2.1.2 Joint Tuberculosis
2.2.1.3 Bone Tuberculosis
2.2.2 Brucella Infection
2.3 Fungal Infection
2.4 Parasitic Infection
2.5 AIDS-Related Musculoskeletal Diseases
2.6 Syphilis of Bone
2.7 Novel Coronavirus
2.8 Rheumatic Immune Diseases
2.8.1 Rheumatoid Arthritis
2.8.2 Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)
References
3: Imaging Characteristics and Analysis Strategies
3.1 Skeletal Change
3.1.1 Bone Destruction
3.1.2 Abnormal Bone Marrow
3.1.3 Periosteal Reaction
3.1.4 Osteonecrosis
3.1.5 Bone Deformity
3.1.6 Osteoporosis
3.1.7 Abnormal Ossification
3.1.8 Abnormal Calcification
3.2 Abnormal Joint Changes
3.2.1 Joint Swelling
3.2.2 Joint Destruction
3.2.3 Degeneration of Joint
3.2.4 Ankylosis
3.2.5 Joint Dislocation
3.2.6 Intra-Articular Mass
3.2.7 Periarticular Cystic Lesions
3.3 Abnormal Soft Tissue Changes
3.3.1 Soft-Tissue Edema
3.3.2 Calcification and Ossification in Soft Tissue
3.3.3 Gas in Soft Tissue
3.3.4 Soft-Tissue Abscess
3.4 Analysis Strategies of Musculoskeletal Infections
3.4.1 Whether the Image Is Normal
3.4.2 Origin of Lesion
References
Part II: Monographs on Infection and Inflammatory Diseases of Skeletal Muscles
4: Infectious Lesions in Bones and Joints
4.1 Anatomy of Bones and Joints and Imaging Anatomy
4.1.1 Anatomy of Bone
4.1.1.1 Composition of Skeletons
4.1.1.2 Morphology of Skeletons
4.1.1.3 Blood Supply to Bones
4.1.2 Anatomy of the Joint
4.1.2.1 Diarthrosis
4.1.2.2 Amphiarthrosis
4.1.2.3 Synarthrosis
4.1.3 Imaging Anatomy of Bone and Joint
4.1.3.1 X-ray
4.1.3.2 CT
4.1.3.3 MRI
4.2 Characteristics and Pathophysiological Changes in Common Pathogen Infection
4.2.1 Staphylococcus aureus
4.2.2 Streptococcus
4.2.2.1 Pathogenic Substance
4.2.2.2 Diseases Caused
4.2.3 Meningococcus
4.2.4 Klebsiella
4.2.5 Pseudomonas aeruginosa
4.2.6 Brucella
4.2.7 Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
4.2.8 Hydatid Cyst
4.2.9 Aspergillus
4.2.10 Candida
4.2.11 Cryptococcus Neoformans
4.2.12 Coccidioides
4.3 Bacterial Infection
4.3.1 Acute Suppurative Osteomyelitis
4.3.2 Chronic Osteomyelitis
4.3.3 Chronic Abscess of Bone
4.3.4 Sclerosing Osteomyelitis
4.4 Fungal Infection
4.5 Brucella Infection
4.6 Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection
4.6.1 Tubular Bone Tuberculosis
4.6.1.1 Tuberculosis of Epiphysis and Metaphysis
4.6.1.2 Tuberculosis of Long Tubular Bone Diaphysis
4.6.1.3 Short Bone Tuberculosis
4.6.2 Flat Bone and Irregular Bone Tuberculosis
4.6.2.1 Tuberculosis of Skull
4.6.2.2 Tuberculosis of Ribs and Sternum
4.6.2.3 Tuberculosis of Iliac Bone, Pubic Bone, and Ischium
4.6.3 Joint Tuberculosis
4.6.3.1 Hip Joint Tuberculosis
4.6.3.2 Tuberculosis of Knee Joint
4.7 Echinococcosis of Bones and Joints
4.8 Pyogenic Arthritis
4.9 Chronic Non-bacterial Osteomyelitis
References
5: Spinal Infection
5.1 Anatomy of Spine and Imaging Anatomy
5.1.1 Anatomy of Spine
5.1.2 Imaging Anatomy of Spine
5.2 Characteristics and Pathophysiological Changes in Common Pathogen Infection
5.3 Bacterial Infection
5.4 Fungal Infection
5.5 Brucella Infection
5.6 Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection
5.7 Hydatid Disease of Spine
References
6: Bone and Joint Infection in Children
6.1 Bone Development in Children and Imaging Anatomy
6.1.1 Development of Bone
6.1.2 Anatomy of Bone
6.1.3 Blood Supply to Bones
6.1.4 IV Joint
6.1.5 Imaging Anatomy of Bones in the Extremities of Children
6.2 Characteristics and Pathophysiological Changes in Common Pathogen Infection
6.2.1 Staphylococcus aureus
6.2.2 Streptococcus
6.2.3 Meningococcus
6.2.4 Brucella
6.2.5 Mycobacterium tuberculosis
6.2.6 Hydatid
6.2.7 Aspergillus
6.2.8 Candida
6.2.9 Cryptococcus neoformans
6.2.10 Coccidioides
6.2.11 Syphilis
6.3 Bacterial Infection
6.3.1 Acute Suppurative Osteomyelitis
6.3.2 Chronic Suppurative Osteomyelitis
6.3.3 Chronic Abscess of Bone
6.4 Fungal Infection
6.5 Syphilis of Bone
6.5.1 Congenital Syphilis of Bone
6.5.1.1 Early-Onset Congenital Syphilis of Bone
6.5.1.2 Late-Onset Congenital Syphilis of Bone
6.5.2 Acquired Syphilis of Bone
6.6 Pyogenic Arthritis
6.7 Osteomyelitis in Infants
References
7: AIDS-Related Musculoskeletal Diseases
7.1 Osteomyelitis
7.2 Bacillary Angiomatosis
7.3 Septic Arthritis
7.4 Soft Tissue Infection
7.4.1 Cellulitis
7.4.2 Soft Tissue Abscess
7.4.3 Pyomyositis
7.5 Necrotizing Fasciitis
7.6 Osteoporosis
7.7 Hemophilic Arthropathy
References
8: Soft Tissue Infection
8.1 Bacterial Infection
8.1.1 Congenital Malformation with Infection: Fistula and Sinus
8.1.2 Thyroglossal Cyst
8.1.3 Branchial Cyst and Fistula
8.1.4 Dermal Sinus
8.1.5 Panniculitis
8.1.6 Cellulitis
8.1.7 Necrotizing Fasciitis
8.1.8 Neonatal Infectious Gangrene of Subcutaneous Tissue
8.2 Fungal Infection
8.3 Brucella Infection
8.4 Hydatid Infection
8.5 Other Rare Pathogen Infections
8.5.1 Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Infection
8.5.2 Actinomycotic Infection
References
9: Lesions of Bones and Joints Associated with Rheumatism
9.1 Rheumatoid Arthritis
9.2 Seronegative Spondyloarthropathy
9.2.1 Ankylosing Spondylitis
9.2.2 Psoriatic Arthritis
9.2.3 Reactive Arthritis
9.2.4 Enteropathic Arthritis
9.3 Gouty Arthritis
9.4 Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy
9.5 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
References
Correction to: Radiology of Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases - Volume 5
Correction to: H. Li et al., Radiology of Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases - Volume 5 - Musculoskeletal system, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5003-1.
